Parenteral routes of drug administration pdf

Guidance on symptom control using nonoral, nonparental. Parenteral drug administration an overview sciencedirect. However, with the recent developments in the field of drug delivery, it has been found that delivery through alternative routes is sometimes more beneficial. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in simple hindi. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The parenteral administration route is the most effective and common form of delivery for active drug substances with metabolic bioavailabilities drug for which the bioavailability in limited by high first pass metabolism effect of other physicochemical limitation and for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Jan 01, 2014 advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route.

Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the. Good practice administration routes and volumes for mice. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The production of this text has raised many questions concerning the data available relating to this method of medication administration. In this video lecture, professor fink identifies the major routes of administration of drugs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. The term parenteral is applied to preparations administered by injection through one or more layer of skin tissue. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration.

Lets look at the most common parenteral routes of drug administration. Bypass liver some but not all of the veins draining the rectum lead directly to the general circulation thus by. In this route of administration the drug does not pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral drugs are sterile preparations containing one or more active ingredients intended to be administered to a patient other than the alimentary canal gastrointestinal tract routes. Intrathecal around the spinal cord a drug or medicine can be prepared in such a way that it can prolong drug absorption from the injection site for hours, days and months too 3439. Parenteral dosage forms differ from all other drug. This preparation should be sterile and to be administered by means of an injection. Several minutes table 341 lists both the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral administration. The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied. Vesicants which cannot be given via the side arm technique must be administered by the. Not all techniques are appropriate for each species. There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than digestive tract administration. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch.

A description of the drug and the administration procedure including benefits, side effects and lifethreatening risks. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Methods of administration include oral, sublingual dissolving the drug under the tongue, and rectal. Typical routes of administration of a parenteral dosage form include subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous delivery. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant. Reasons for choosing a parenteral route over the oral route include drugs with low. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. This route of administration is possible if the drug is in liquid dosage form. A parenteral dosage form can be defined as a sterile drug product, which is presented in the form of solution, suspension, emulsion, or reconstituted lyophilized powder, suitable for administration by injection.

Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. When a person cannot take anything by mouth when a drug must be administered rapidly or in a precise or very high dose. Pdf common routes of drug administration monica may lopez. Parenteral administration refers to any nonoral means of medicine administration but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug. The term parenteral is usually used for drugs given by injection or infusion. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. Parenteral definition of parenteral by merriamwebster. Administration of drugs by injection and other routes. When a drug is poorly or erratically absorbed from the digestive tract. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Parenteral equipment and supplies there is a multitude of equipment and supplies available.

Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines i. Parenteral administration medications can be delivered into the body through a variety of routes. Parenteral routes routes of administration other than enteral route are called parenteral routes. Systemic route a enteral route b parenteral route 1.

Parenteral definition is situated or occurring outside the intestine. Study 33 terms parenteral routes flashcards quizlet. Routes of drug administration play a major role in a medical treatment. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having to pass the oral or alimentary mucous layer. Ppt routes of drug administration powerpoint presentation. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug.

However, these routes have limitations that include the pain associated with parenteral administration. Advantages of parenteral routes preferred for rapid absorption, useful for when patient is unconscious, uncooperative, or unable to take drug by an enteral route. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Parenteral drug administration is carried out directly through the skin, in or towards systemic. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant be recalled embolism suspensionsoily. Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties associated with oral or other formulations. Parenteral definition of parenteral by medical dictionary. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of. There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than. While many routes of parenteral administration are available, all of which bypass the intestinal tract, the intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood. Jun 17, 2014 in this video lecture, professor fink identifies the major routes of administration of drugs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Parenteral drug administration refers to drugs given by routes other than the digestive tract. Mar 10, 2017 routes of parenteral administration 1. Parenteral administration is a route of drug administration devoid of oral route. Methods of administration include oral, sublingual dissolving the drug. The popular routes of parenteral administration are.

The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and intravenous iv. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages and. This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration. One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. Parenteral administration is required if an agent is absorbed poorly from the gastrointestinal tract, if a condition precludes administration or absorption of a usually wellabsorbed drug, if an unusually high tissue concentration of drug is required, or if adherence to an oral regimen for treatment of a significant infection cannot be ensured. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Parenteral routes, which do not involve the gastrointestinal tract, include intravenous.

Parenteral routes of drug administration clinical point ia injection of bcnu carmustine. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. For intramuscular im and subcutaneous routes of administration, the injection site needs to be prepped. Injectable preparations are usually sterile solutions or suspensions of drug in water. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Intramuscular im and subcutaneous routes of administration are convenient ways to deliver medications. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes.

Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties. This type of administration route exhibits several advantages, such as firstpass metabolism avoidance, better bioavailability, and reliable dosage. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drug administrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock shi et al. Correct syringe, needle, and technique must be used. Injection administration of drugs page 5 of 9 march 16, 2020 prior to administering a drug, the process of informed consent shall consist of a discussion between the patient and the pharmacist which includes. Administration of vesicant antineoplastic agents via the peripheral route must be given using the side arm method. The various routes of administrations are classified into following categories. Parenteral route of administration of drugs teachglobal. Im injections are avoided in most rodents because the amount of materi. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. Some drugs given by this route include aspirin, theophylline, chlorpromazine and some barbiturates. The enteral route usually refers to taking drugs by mouth.

The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. Intravenous medicines or fluids that go directly into the patients vein are being given by the intravenous iv route. Other routes of administration are required when the oral route cannot be used, for example. Here the drug is given from routes other than oral i. Parenteral drug administration chapter 7 medication safety. Sc administrat ion of drugs consists in injecting them under the skin into the adipose layer. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the. Guidelines usfda 6 rights right patient right drug right dose right time right route right documentation 3 4. Routes of administration and devices himanshu bhattacharjee and laura a. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid. Sometimes inefficient only part of the drug may be absorbed.

Parenteral route of administration of drugs youtube. Parenteral routes of drug administration basicmedical key. Other articles where parenteral administration is discussed. Start studying parenteral routes of drug administration. Sep 10, 2011 parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. The common parenteral routes are listed in table 7. Injection routes administration by injection parenteral administration includes the following routes.

Routes of parenteral administration linkedin slideshare. The most widelyused routes of drug administration are the oral and parental routes 3, 4. A scheme of the different sites for parenteral drug administration is presented in figure 6. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the common types of injections to include. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration transdermal, pulmonary and parenteral routes. Thoma biopharmaceutics and immunogenicity of biotherapeutics balaji agoram, kazuko sagawa, ravi m shanker, and satish singh preformulation research of. A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Selecting a right route of drug administration by a physician improves patients health. Parenteral routes of drug administration flashcards quizlet. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.